ABSTRACT
The
aim of this study was to investigate the winning and losing factors of silat
olahraga women Class B, C and D between Singapore, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia,
Indonesia and Vietnam in Silat Olahraga during 28th SEA Games Singapore
2015. Five (5) matches was selected, women semifinal Class B between Singapore
and Laos, women quarterfinal Class C between Singapore and Indonesia, women
quarterfinal Class D between Singapore and Thailand, women semifinal Class D between
Malaysia and Singapore and women final class D between Malaysia and Vietnam.
Many techniques are used during this competition. For example punch, kick,
topple, sweep, block and many more. These techniques has been chose to analyze
the performance of Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore and Laos
women athletes. All the raw data collected from the all matches used the system
produced by Shapie, Oliver, O’Donoghue, and Tong (2013).
The notational analysis was used to record all the selected outcomes to
compliment this study such as hit target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent
indicators.
INTRODUCTION
Silat
is a term used to describe the martial arts forms practiced throughout the
Malay Archipelago. It is also collective word for native’s martial arts that
begins from Indonesia. The combination of the words Pencak and Silat into a
compound word was made for the first time when an organization of the unity of
Pencak schools and Silat schools in Indonesia was founded in Surakarta in 1948,
which called Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (The Indonesian Pencak Silat
Association), abbreviated as IPSI (Kartomi, 2011). Silat is a fighting and survival
art combination. According to Wilson (2003),
silat is a form several factors such as education from a tradition, a
self-defense, a spiritual and ritual components and now its establish as a
sport around the world. Pencak Silat brings to light very different
subjectivities, inter-subjectivities, and ways of objectifying the body in
regional- and national-level practice (Wilson, 2009). In Malay dictionary, silat can be
defined as a combination if art and intelligence to perform attack and defense
with a beautiful form. The other source that defines silat is from the word of
kilat (lightning) (Shamsuddin, 2005). Silat traditionally practiced in
Southern Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines and also Malaysia.
Plus, it has evolved on the African continent, Western countries, the United
States and the Soviet countries. It is widely implemented in the form of art
and sports competitions Silat is one of the sports included in the Southeast
Asian Games (SEA Games) and other region-wide competitions. In Malaysia, silat
is a combative art of Malay fighting arts.
According
to Aziz, Tan, and Teh (2002)
pencak silat is divide by two categories which are silat olahraga and silat
seni (contact and artistic). In Silat Seni (artistic), the performer will give
3 minutes to perform an art or solo fighting. While in Silat Olahraga
(contact), the motion can be characterized into 13 different of motion such as
fake kick, fake punch, block and sweep, block and kick, block and punch,
self-release, dodge, sweep, topple, catch, block, kick and punch (Shapie, M. N. M., Oliver, J.,
O’Donoghue, P., & Tong, R., 2013). Silat Olahraga
is a popular combat sport, but less is known about the sports in terms of sport
science of physiological demands and characteristics Shapie
(2011).
PERSILAT
(Persekutuan Pencak Silat Antarabangsa), which was established in Jakarta on
March 1980 is the only international organization of Pencak Silat in the world.
In Malaysia, PESAKA is the National Silat Federation and was founded by Silat
Seni Gayong Malaysia, Silat Cekak Malaysia, Silat Lincah Malaysia and Seni
Gayung Fatani Malaysia. PESAKA is the only Malaysian national Silat Olahraga
sanctioned body. On the 23rd to 24th of September 1979, when the 14th SEA Games
were held, Indonesian Pencak Silat Federation (IPSI) presented Silat Olahraga.
The rules of competition have been sorted out in the year 1973. Other martial
arts techniques were included such as karate, jujitsu in order to strengthen
and improve the silat itself. The first Pencak Silat Olahraga competition which
was held in Singapore at 1980. In 1982, the Pencak Silat competition introduced
two new competitions which are Silat Seni and Silat Olahraga. The competition
organizer changed the terms for the categories into Tunggal, Ganda, Regu and
Tanding (Olahraga Pencak Silat/ Silat Olahraga). In order to standardize for
the athletes and simplify the evaluation, the Tunggal (solo), Ganda (double)
and Regu (triple) categories were standardized. The methods and markings of
Tanding went back to the pencak silat technique. Southeast Asean Games (SEA
Games) is a sport event between 11 countries of Southeast Asia which are
Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Timor-Leste and Vietnam (Seneviratne, 1993). This event will be held every two
year. There are three (3) rounds in total of fighting. Two (2) minutes for
every round, with 1 minute rest between each round.
MATERIAL
AND METHODS
Thailand,
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore and Laos is the team that are selected
to be the sample or subject. The data analysis has been collected from 28th
SEA Games Singapore 2015 women semifinal Class B between Singapore and Laos,
women quarterfinal Class C between Singapore and Indonesia, women quarterfinal
Class D between Singapore and Thailand, women semifinal Class D between
Malaysia and Singapore and women final class D between Malaysia and Vietnam. The
source of match videos were found from Sport Singapore Council YouTube channel.
By watching these videos, the matches has been used to notated and analyzed in
this study.
Every
match consists of three (3) rounds in total of fighting. Two (2) minutes for
every round, with 1 minute rest between each round. The outcome used is hit
target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent. Hit target will be counted if the kick
and topple is made hit the body pad or target. Hit elsewhere if the kick and
topple is made hit the other part of body that not hit the target or body pad.
Meanwhile the miss opponent will be counted when the kick or topple is made did
not hit the opponent.
MATCH
ANALYSIS
The
video were used to analyze the 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015 women
semifinal Class B between Singapore and Laos, women quarterfinal Class C
between Singapore and Indonesia, women quarterfinal Class D between Singapore
and Thailand, women semifinal Class D between Malaysia and Singapore and women
final class D between Malaysia and Vietnam. Performance of the player was
analyzed using a notational analysis which is all indicators were recorded
manually through the video. The video were continual often to get the precise
measurement of each offensive and defensive movement.
MOTION
CATEGORIES
In
silat, there are different types of motion such as:
Punch:
The
punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a hand with closed fist hitting the target. In
silat, punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch
‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to exponent body’s (Anuar, 1992).
Kick:
The
kick ‘tendang’ or ‘terajang’ is an ataacking movement which is performed with
one leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can
be front kick ‘tendang depan’, side kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘
tendang lengkar’(Anuar, 1992).
Block:
The
blocking movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’: the exponent
stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking
or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the
purpose to block off or striking back at any attck (Anuar, 1992).
Catch:
The
catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from
carrying out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from
being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction.
A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which
could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also
forbidden. These regulations exit to protect the silat exponent’s (Anuar, 1992).
Topple:
There
are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent
‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bad or from
the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his
balance. Every falls is considered valid as long as the sila exponent topples
his opponent down without wresting or he is able to overpower the opponent whom
he has brought down (Anuar, 1992).
Sweep:
Swiping
‘sapuan’ involves attacking an opponent’s leg which is on the ground to
unstable him and brings down to the ground. A silat exponent can perform this
attacking movement either with his right or left leg. Hence, front sweep
‘sapuan depan’ is done by swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s
leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’ is carried out by swinging the leg
backward to hit the back leg (Anuar, 1992).
Evade/Dodge:
The
evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to
evade an attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch
the opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his
defensive movement such as dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the
side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’ ducking ‘susup’ and
etc. (Anuar, 1992).
Self-Release:
Self-release
‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from
an opponent (Anuar, 1993)
Block and Punch:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent (Shapie, Oliver, O’Donoghue, & Tong, 2013).
Block and Kick:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).
Block and Sweep:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).
Fake Punch:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake
punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).
Fake Kick:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick
to break his opponent defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).
All
the activities are considered high intensity except for others which at that
time both silat exponents are in low intensity periods.
RELIABILITY
OF OBSERVATION
The author analyzed all the activities
and simultaneously classified each changes of motion in a single match. Two
observation were done separated by 48 hours. It requires experienced silat
practitioners to analyze the data as the movement of both exponent was fast,
needing close inspection. The classification of movement was subjective with
work being classified according to the instruction given by the referee.
STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS
The
observation generated data will be frequency counted, a method of recording in
observational research in which the researcher records each occurrence clearly
defined behavior within a certain time frame. All the raw data collected from
all matches use the system produced by Shapie, M. M. et al. (2013).
Statistical analysis and result was calculated using Statistical Package for
Social Scientists (SPSS) version 20. Independent T-Test was used to determine
the performance data between winner and loser. The video is notated at least
two times, and the data will be taken more accurate. The frequency was taken as
data to be analyzed. The remark generated data will be regularity counted, and
every round of data will be composed to be analyzed. All the raw data were
exported into Microsoft Word and transferred into SPSS for further detailed
analysis. Mean and standard deviation (SD) for all the markers has been
computed to locate the measurable factors that separated winning and losing
individual.
RESULT
Table 1: Women Class B Semi Final between Laos (Winner) and Singapore (Loser)
|
Action
|
Hit
Target
|
Hit
Elsewhere
|
Miss
Opponent
|
Total
|
|||
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
|
|
|
Block & Punch
|
1
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
4
|
|
Block & Kick
|
4
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
9
|
|
Block & Sweep
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
|
Block
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
Kick
|
14
|
20
|
18
|
9
|
16
|
5
|
82
|
|
Fake Kick
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
|
Punch
|
7
|
16
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
25
|
|
Fake Punch
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Topple
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
3
|
3
|
7
|
|
Catch
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
3
|
3
|
9
|
|
Dodge
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
Sweep
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
4
|
5
|
4
|
14
|
|
Self-Release
|
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
|
Total
|
32
|
40
|
27
|
17
|
31
|
17
|
164
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
328
|
Table
2:
Women Class C Quarter Final between Indonesia (Winner) and Singapore (Loser)
|
Action
|
Hit
Target
|
Hit
Elsewhere
|
Miss
Opponent
|
Total
|
|||
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
|
|
|
Block & Punch
|
0
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
8
|
|
Block & Kick
|
5
|
1
|
3
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
12
|
|
Block & Sweep
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Block
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
|
Kick
|
11
|
9
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
3
|
30
|
|
Fake Kick
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Punch
|
1
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
6
|
|
Fake Punch
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Topple
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
2
|
|
Catch
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
3
|
3
|
7
|
|
Dodge
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
|
Sweep
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
5
|
|
Self-Release
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
Total
|
20
|
18
|
12
|
10
|
10
|
7
|
77
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154
|
Table
3: Women Class D Quarter Final between Singapore (Winner) and Thailand (Loser)
|
Action
|
Hit
Target
|
Hit
Elsewhere
|
Miss
Opponent
|
Total
|
|||
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
|
|
|
Block & Punch
|
3
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
10
|
|
Block & Kick
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
6
|
0
|
1
|
11
|
|
Block & Sweep
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
|
Block
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Kick
|
14
|
11
|
4
|
12
|
3
|
11
|
55
|
|
Fake Kick
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Punch
|
19
|
5
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
2
|
28
|
|
Fake Punch
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Topple
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
3
|
7
|
|
Catch
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
1
|
6
|
|
Dodge
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
Sweep
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
3
|
0
|
5
|
|
Self-Release
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
|
Total
|
43
|
20
|
7
|
23
|
15
|
19
|
127
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
254
|
Table
4: Women Class D Semi Final between Malaysia (Winner) and Singapore (Loser)
|
Action
|
Hit
Target
|
Hit
Elsewhere
|
Miss
Opponent
|
Total
|
|||
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
|
|
|
Block & Punch
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
8
|
|
Block & Kick
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
8
|
|
Block & Sweep
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
2
|
|
Block
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
|
Kick
|
0
|
1
|
14
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
20
|
|
Fake Kick
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
|
Punch
|
2
|
0
|
11
|
6
|
0
|
0
|
19
|
|
Fake Punch
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
|
Topple
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
4
|
3
|
9
|
|
Catch
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
Dodge
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
Sweep
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
Self-Release
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
Total
|
7
|
5
|
33
|
14
|
12
|
7
|
78
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
156
|
Table
5: Women Class D Final between Malaysia (Winner) and Vietnam (Loser)
|
Action
|
Hit
Target
|
Hit
Elsewhere
|
Miss
Opponent
|
Total
|
|||
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
WINNER
|
LOSER
|
|
|
|
Block & Punch
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Block & Kick
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
10
|
|
Block & Sweep
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
|
Block
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
14
|
|
Kick
|
15
|
10
|
10
|
13
|
6
|
9
|
63
|
|
Fake Kick
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
|
Punch
|
12
|
7
|
4
|
5
|
0
|
3
|
31
|
|
Fake Punch
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Topple
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
6
|
11
|
|
Catch
|
5
|
1
|
0
|
6
|
0
|
10
|
22
|
|
Dodge
|
3
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
|
Sweep
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
3
|
|
Self-Release
|
5
|
3
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
13
|
|
Total
|
54
|
23
|
18
|
30
|
14
|
39
|
178
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
356
|
Frequency
profile of all match
Match
1: Women Class B Semi Final between Laos (Winner) and Singapore (Loser)
|
SWEEP
|
|||||
|
WINNER
|
6
|
48
|
8
|
3
|
65
|
|
LOSER
|
8
|
34
|
17
|
4
|
63
|
|
TOTAL
|
14
|
82
|
25
|
7
|
128
|
Match
2: Women Class C Quarter Final between Indonesia (Winner) and Singapore (Loser)
|
SWEEP
|
|||||
|
WINNER
|
5
|
15
|
1
|
3
|
24
|
|
LOSER
|
0
|
15
|
5
|
0
|
20
|
|
TOTAL
|
5
|
30
|
6
|
3
|
44
|
Match
3: Women Class D Quarter Final between Singapore (Winner) and Thailand (Loser)
|
SWEEP
|
|||||
|
WINNER
|
3
|
21
|
20
|
4
|
48
|
|
LOSER
|
2
|
34
|
8
|
3
|
47
|
|
TOTAL
|
5
|
55
|
28
|
7
|
95
|
Match
4: Women Class D Semi Final between Malaysia (Winner) and Singapore (Loser)
|
SWEEP
|
|||||
|
WINNER
|
0
|
16
|
13
|
6
|
35
|
|
LOSER
|
1
|
4
|
6
|
3
|
14
|
|
TOTAL
|
1
|
20
|
19
|
9
|
49
|
Match
5: Women Class D Final between Malaysia (Winner) and Vietnam (Loser)
|
SWEEP
|
|||||
|
WINNER
|
16
|
31
|
5
|
2
|
54
|
|
LOSER
|
15
|
32
|
6
|
1
|
54
|
|
TOTAL
|
31
|
63
|
11
|
3
|
108
|
DISCUSSION
Pencak
Silat is a popular Asian martial art. This game is exceptionally intriguing in
light of the fact that it includes an ability that was a mix of hand to hand
fighting aptitudes, battling, and self-protection. The examination past is
states that silat competitor’s thought to be extraordinary in both kicking and
punching yet punching recurrence is lower than a kicking. However, silat
competitors should create punching ability speedier and precise in light of the
fact that punching is the high rate effective of hitting target contrast with
kicking expertise in rivalry.
For
the first match result was from Women Class B Semi Final between Singapore and
Lao which are Laos win this match, Laos’s athlete is more used kicking skill
than Singapore’s athlete. That is why Laos’s athlete get more point.
Furthermore, Laos’s athlete do less mistake that can deduct her point compare
to Singapore’s. Besides kicking, Laos’s athlete also do more block and kicking
hit target to her opponent. Singapore’s athlete also do more skill such as
kicking and punching hit target but at the same time, Singapore’s athlete do
lot of mistake that deduct her point and finally got less point because of her
mistakes. This is one of the different between winning and losing in silat
olahraga. Competitor must wise to make strategy plan and technique during
match.
For
the second match result was from Women Class C Quarter Final between Indonesia
and Singapore. From the start of the event, Indonesia’s athlete seems like more
dominated to control the game tempo and comfortable to get point by point and
leading the game at the first half of the game. Plus, Indonesia’s athlete gain
most point from a punch hit target. From that, we can see Indonesia’s athlete
was high percentage on hit target, which means they are high in accuracy and
get most successful from the attempt. The hit target accuracy from Indonesia’s
athlete is higher compared to other outcomes. Furthermore, athlete from Indonesia
seems more aggressive with sharp technical and great tactical. Other than that,
opponents from the match has made lot of mistakes or unforced errors.
For
the third match result was from Women Class D Quarter Final between Singapore
and Thailand which Singapore are winning this match. Singapore’s athlete do
more attacking than Thailand’s athlete. From the result, Singapore’s athlete
makes 19 times punch hit target, 14 times kick hit target and 2 times topple
toward her opponent. Thailand’s athlete gives more opportunity to Singapore’s
athlete to make more attacking during match. In first round, Singapore’s
athlete do 3 times strike kicking towards Thailand’s athlete and it show that
Singapore’s athlete very fast make a movement and attack towards her opponent
and also not even once give an opportunity towards Thailand’s athlete to make
some movement. Thailand just makes 5 times punch hit target and 11 times kick
hit target towards her opponent for the whole match. During the low intensity
activity both of the silat exponents were deemed to be performing low activity
actions such as “sikap pasang” posture or coming close to each other using silat
step pattern “pola langkah”.
For
the fourth match result was from Women Class D Semi Final between Malaysia and
Singapore. In that match, Singapore’s athlete lose the match against Malaysia’s
athlete because of Malaysia’s athlete do more fast attacking rather than
Singapore’s athelete. As we can see from the result, Singapore’s athlete makes
only 6 times punch hit target, 4 times kick hit target and 3 times topple
toward her opponent. Singapore’s athlete gives more opportunity to Malaysia’s
athlete to make more attacking during match. In first round, Malaysia’s athlete
do 5 times strike kicking towards Singapore’s athlete and it showed that
Singapore’s athlete are slower than Malaysia’s athlete in make movement and
attack towards her opponent and also not even once give an opportunity towards
Singapore’s athlete to make some movement. Malaysia’s athlete makes 13 times
punch hit target and 16 times kick hit target and 6 times topple towards her
opponent for the whole match.
For
the last match result was from Women Class D Final between Malaysia and
Vietnam. In summary, Vietnam’s athletes have been chosen to see the factor of
losing and winning in analyzing their motion category that they used. Vietnam’s
athlete using frequent attacking such punching and kicking but most of the
attack hit elsewhere and not the target, the mean and standard deviation
Malaysia’s athlete is slightly better than Vietnam’s athlete. Vietnam’s athlete
more focus on punching and kicking that the Malaysia’s athlete have been
waiting to catch and straight down to swept the Vietnam’s athlete. Vietnam
frequently using kicking on hit target but weak in defending and lack of
self-release skill that they easily got toppled by Malaysia’s athlete.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, based on the previous
study, punch hit target, kick hit target, sweep and topple skill was mostly
used for winning and losing team. The current study has provided a great
understanding of the information for the silat by looking at the activity
involved in competition. Both of the exponents performed more high intensity
actions than low intensity actions. Post-event analysis of hand notation indicates
that the prototype system developed for this study can be used to record and
evaluate a silat olahraga match. This study complemented with those of the
broad work and rest study undertaken by Shapie et al (2013). The current study
has provided a great understanding of information for the silat olahraga by
looking at the activity involved in competition. Both of the exponents
performed more high intensity actions than low intensity actions (i.e. the
frequency count).
However
it is important to understand that high intensity actions will contribute more
in the score points (i.e. outcome that count) rather than low intensity
actions. There is also a range of frequency in attacking and defensive
activities used by both of the exponents. The winner (blue exponent) used more
kicks than the loser which may reflect greater skill or fitness or both.
However, it is still doubtful that these are the only factors that influence
the match. National silat olahraga athlete needs more tactical skills to be
learned as it helps to reduce the mistakes during match. More than that, the
national athlete must able to avoid error that might make them less capable to
dominant the athlete from other country. The tactical and technical skills must
be understood by the athlete to ensure they would have better performance in
the next competitions. Indicators listed for the silat olahraga also important
as it was the score they could collected for the match.
The
data collected would help them to realize their mistakes that they could not
know as they were focusing on the game. Coaches and athletes can sit together
to talk about the previous match and share their experience towards the game
for better improvement and preparations for the other competitions.
RECOMMENDATION
It
is recommended that both attacking and defensive skills should be balanced in
their training programs. Attacks must be hit target to get the points, but at
the same time they have to increase their blocking in order to avoid the
opponents to get their points. The skills development for both attacking and
blocking need to precise at time to time based on training programs
periodization. Coaches must plays the important role and consider these things.
Based on the result, the main factor to win the match is punching hit target,
because it give opportunity to punch their opponent as much as they can to get
one point for one punch. Meanwhile, the participant should reduce the punch hit
elsewhere because no point given for that punch. For the sweep skill, in order
to decrease missed target, the fighter need to focus, in good position and try
to estimate opponent’s next movement. Topple that hit the target is so
important because it gives extra points. So, the recommendation here is the
fighter must keep improve their technical and tactical and maintaining the
fitness in order to win the match.
REFERENCES
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding Women's
Class B Semi-Final Singapore vs. Laos; 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved
at November 4, 2017 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38l1L7K_Bf0
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat
Tanding Women's Class C Quarter-Final Singapore vs Indonesia; 28th SEA Games
Singapore 2015. Retrieved at Novermber 22, 2017 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=euphyjgyOD4
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat
Tanding Women's Class D Final Vietnam vs Malaysia; 28th SEA Games Singapore
2015. Retrieved at December 3, 2017 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8znlq-xjOzc&t=30s
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat
Tanding Women's Class D Semi-Final Singapore vs Malaysia; 28th SEA Games
Singapore 2015. Retrieved at December 4, 2017 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KabRtORJHh0&t=52s
Aziz, A. R., Tan, B., & Teh, K. C. (2002). Physiological
responses during matches and profile of elite pencak silat exponents. Journal
of Sports Science and Medicine, 1, 147-155.
Kartomi, M. (2011). Traditional and
modern forms of pencak silat in indonesia: The suku mamak in riau. Musicology
Australia, 33(1), 47-68. doi: 10.1080/08145857.2011.580716
Seneviratne, P. (1993). Golden moments: The sea games 1959-1991: P.
Seneviratne.
Shamsuddin, S. (2005). The malay art of self-defense: Silat seni gayong:
North Atlantic Books.
Latiff, Z. A. (2012b). Revisiting
pencak silat: The malay martial arts in theatre practice and actor training.
Asian Theatre Journal, 29(2), 379-401.
Shapie, M. M., Oliver, J., O’Donoghue, P., & Tong, R. (2013). Activity
profile during action time in national silat competition. Journal of Combat
Sports and Martial Arts., 1(2), 81-86.
Shapie, M. N. M. (2011). Influence of age and maturation on fitness
development, trainability and competitive performance in youth silat. Cardiff
Metropolitan University.
Shapie, M. N. M., Oliver, J., O’Donoghue, P., & Tong, R. (2013).
Activity profile during action time in national silat competition. Journal of
Combat Sports and Martial Arts, 4(1), 75-79.
Wilson, I. D. (2003). The politics of inner power: The practice of pencak
silat in west java. Murdoch University.
Wilson, L. (2009). Jurus, jazz riffs and the constitution of
a national martial art in indonesia. Body & Society, 15(3), 93-119. doi:
10.1177/1357034X09339103
Anuar AW. Teknik dalam
seni silat melayu [In Malay] (Technique in Silat Melayu). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka; 1992.
Anuar, A. W. (1993).
Silat Olahraga (2nd edn.). The art, technique and regulations.
APPENDICES
Match
1: Women Class B Semi Final between Laos (Winner) and Singapore (Loser)
|
Statistics
|
||
|
WINNER
|
||
|
N
|
Valid
|
65
|
|
Missing
|
0
|
|
|
Mean
|
2.1231
|
|
|
Std. Error of Mean
|
.07755
|
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.62519
|
|
|
Statistics
|
||
|
LOSER
|
||
|
N
|
Valid
|
63
|
|
Missing
|
2
|
|
|
Mean
|
2.2698
|
|
|
Std. Error of Mean
|
.09655
|
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.76636
|
|
Match
2: Women Class C Quarter Final between Indonesia (Winner) and Singapore (Loser)
|
Statistics
|
||
|
Winner
|
||
|
N
|
Valid
|
21
|
|
Missing
|
1
|
|
|
Mean
|
1.71
|
|
|
Std.
Error of Mean
|
.240
|
|
|
Std.
Deviation
|
1.102
|
|
|
Statistics
|
||
|
Loser
|
||
|
N
|
Valid
|
20
|
|
Missing
|
2
|
|
|
Mean
|
1.25
|
|
|
Std.
Error of Mean
|
.099
|
|
|
Std.
Deviation
|
.444
|
|
Match
3: Women Class D Quarter Final between Singapore (Winner) and Thailand (Loser
|
Statistics
|
||
|
Winner
|
||
|
N
|
Valid
|
48
|
|
Missing
|
0
|
|
|
Mean
|
2.5208
|
|
|
Std. Error of
Mean
|
.10731
|
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.74347
|
|
|
Statistics
|
||
|
Loser
|
||
|
N
|
Valid
|
47
|
|
Missing
|
1
|
|
|
Mean
|
2.2553
|
|
|
Std. Error of
Mean
|
.09359
|
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.64160
|
|
Match
4: Women Class D Semi Final between Malaysia (Winner) and Singapore (Loser)
|
Statistics
|
||
|
Winner
|
||
|
N
|
Valid
|
36
|
|
Missing
|
0
|
|
|
Mean
|
2.6389
|
|
|
Std. Error of
Mean
|
.14449
|
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.86694
|
|
|
Statistics
|
||
|
Loser
|
||
|
N
|
Valid
|
14
|
|
Missing
|
22
|
|
|
Mean
|
2.7857
|
|
|
Std. Error of
Mean
|
.23855
|
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.89258
|
|
Match
5: Women Class D Final between Malaysia (Winner) and Vietnam (Loser)
|
Statistics
|
||
|
Winner
|
||
|
N
|
Valid
|
54
|
|
Missing
|
0
|
|
|
Mean
|
1.8704
|
|
|
Std. Error of Mean
|
.09907
|
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.72804
|
|
|
Statistics
|
||
|
Loser
|
||
|
N
|
Valid
|
54
|
|
Missing
|
0
|
|
|
Mean
|
1.8704
|
|
|
Std. Error of Mean
|
.09175
|
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.67422
| |
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